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SBA 校本评核完整备考指南｜Chemistry & Biology
SBA（校本评核）占 Chemistry 和 Biology 总分的 15%–20%，校内评分直接计入最终 DSE 等级。本页面提供完整报告模板、实验大题失分案例、各阶段 SBA 执行计划。
⚠️ SBA 硬性提醒
- 包含 3 次实验实操 + 1 份专题探究报告，校内评分直接计入最终 DSE 等级；
- 实验报告必须使用 标准英文描述，数据表格规范，误差分析完整；
- 本站化学、生物知识点页面底部的实验模板与本页 SBA 模板配套使用。
Chemistry SBA 完整报告模板（8 段填空即可拿满分）
1. Research Question（研究问题）
State the aim of the experiment clearly in one sentence.
Example: To investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction between magnesium ribbon and dilute hydrochloric acid.
2. Hypothesis（假设）
Predict the expected outcome with a brief scientific reasoning.
Example: As temperature increases, the rate of reaction will increase because particles gain more kinetic energy, leading to a higher frequency of effective collisions.
3. Controlled & Independent & Dependent Variables（变量控制）
| Variable Type | Example |
|---|---|
| Independent（自变量） | Temperature of hydrochloric acid (°C) |
| Dependent（因变量） | Time taken for magnesium ribbon to disappear (seconds) |
| Controlled（控制变量） | Concentration of acid, length of magnesium ribbon, volume of acid |
4. Experimental Procedure（实验步骤）
Use formal academic verbs. Write in numbered steps. Avoid oral or informal expressions.
1. Measure 20 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
2. Heat the acid to the target temperature (25°C, 35°C, 45°C) using a Bunsen burner.
3. Place a 3 cm magnesium ribbon into the beaker and immediately start the stopwatch.
4. Record the time taken for the magnesium ribbon to fully dissolve.
5. Repeat the experiment three times at each temperature for reliability.5. Raw Data Table（原始数据表）
| Temperature (°C) | Trial 1 (s) | Trial 2 (s) | Trial 3 (s) | Mean Time (s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 | 45.2 | 46.1 | 44.8 | 45.4 |
| 35 | 28.6 | 29.3 | 28.1 | 28.7 |
| 45 | 16.4 | 17.0 | 16.2 | 16.5 |
6. Data Analysis & Graph（数据分析 + 图表）
Draw a line graph with temperature on the x-axis and mean reaction time on the y-axis. Describe the trend.
Trend description: The graph shows a negative correlation between temperature and reaction time. As temperature rises, the reaction time decreases, indicating an increase in reaction rate.
7. Error Source & Improvement（误差来源 + 改进）
| Error Source | Improvement |
|---|---|
| Heat loss during acid transfer from beaker to test tube | Use a water bath to maintain constant temperature throughout the experiment |
| Human reaction time in starting/stopping the stopwatch | Use a motion sensor or data logger to automate timing |
| Incomplete dissolution observation (magnesium may break into fragments) | Use identical ribbon shape and size for all trials, observe until the last visible fragment dissolves |
扣分提醒：只写 "human error" 不得分，必须写明具体误差来源 + 对应改进方法。
8. Conclusion（结论）
Relate the conclusion directly to the research question and hypothesis. Do NOT overgeneralise.
Example: The experiment confirms the hypothesis: increasing temperature accelerates the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid, as shown by the decreasing reaction time from 45.4 s at 25°C to 16.5 s at 45°C.
Biology SBA 完整报告模板
结构与 Chemistry 一致（同上 1–8 段），以下仅标注生物专属差异点。
生物实验专属规范
- 生物材料描述：必须明确写出物种/拉丁学名（如有），例如 Elodea canadensis （水蕴草）而非 "water plant"；
- 对照设计：必须设置空白对照组（negative control），例如蒸馏水代替酶溶液；
- 安全注意事项：使用生物材料（如血液、组织提取液）必须注明安全操作步骤（wearing gloves / disinfecting work surface）；
- 数据记录：生物实验往往有非数值观察记录（colour change / turbidity / gas bubble count），必须规范记录。
生物 SBA 专题探究报告结构调整
| 板块 | 内容要点 |
|---|---|
| Introduction | Background biological theory + Research question |
| Methodology | Equipment list + Step-by-step procedure + Safety precautions |
| Results | Raw data table + Graph / Chart + Qualitative observations |
| Discussion | Interpret results with biological principles + Compare with literature + Error analysis |
| Conclusion | Direct answer to research question + Limitations + Future improvements |
| References | List all sources in APA / Harvard format |
实验大题历年失分案例（HKEAA Subject Report 常见错误）
Chemistry 高频失分
| 错误类型 | 学生写法（❌） | 标准写法（✅） |
|---|---|---|
| 现象描述口语化 | "The water boiled" | "The solution reached its boiling point and vapour was released" |
| 方程式缺状态符 | 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO | 2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s) |
| 误差分析笼统 | "human error" | "Heat loss during transfer led to underestimated temperature" |
| 变量控制不写 | 只写温度变量 | 明确列出 controlled: concentration, volume, pressure |
Biology 高频失分
| 错误类型 | 学生写法（❌） | 标准写法（✅） |
|---|---|---|
| 浓度单位写错 | "salt water" | "0.9% sodium chloride solution" |
| 对照组缺失 | 只写实验组 | "Distilled water was used as a negative control" |
| 酶实验温度不控 | "room temperature" | "The temperature was maintained at 37°C using a water bath" |
| 结论超出范围 | "proves that all enzymes work best at 37°C" | "The enzyme catalase shows maximum activity at 37°C under the given experimental conditions" |
四阶段 SBA 专项任务
| 阶段 | SBA 任务 |
|---|---|
| 阶段1（2026.7–10） | 完成第一次校内实验，使用本模板撰写标准英文实验报告初稿；掌握变量控制表、现象客观描述写法 |
| 阶段2（2026.11–2027.1） | 完成第二次实验 + 中期探究报告初稿；重点完善误差分析 + 数据图表规范 |
| 阶段3（2027.2–3） | 定稿完整 SBA 专题报告，修正术语拼写、数据描述、结论紧扣研究问题 |
| 阶段4（2027.4） | SBA 查漏补缺，修正往年报告扣分点；对照本页评分标准逐项自检 |
SBA 报告提交前自查清单
✅ Research Question 明确、可实验检验
✅ Hypothesis 有科学依据
✅ Variables 三列齐全（Independent / Dependent / Controlled）
✅ Procedure 使用正式学术动词（pour / heat / stir / filter / measure）
✅ Data Table 有 trials + mean 列
✅ Graph 坐标轴标单位、曲线趋势清晰
✅ Error Analysis 具体来源 + 改进方法，不写 "human error"
✅ Conclusion 紧扣 RQ，不超出实验范围过度推导
✅ 英文表达无中式直译、术语拼写无误